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For us to be able to fix any random plumbing problems, we need to have our own sets of materials from our homes. This way, we can try to fix them before the plumber arrives. There are lots of plumbing equipments and materials available that we can buy and keep inside our storage boxes so that we have something to use when problems arise.

The following are the tools we need to have inside our homes:

· Fittings

These are metal links that connects the pieces of pipe together even with or without having a change in direction. Some of these are made for connecting the different sizes of pipes. Others are made for the diverting and dividing the flow of water in the pipe. Fittings are made up of materials same as with the pipes. This way, it can be good for screwing, flanging, and welding.

Elbow fittings are the ones we use to change the direction of the pipe that will either go left, right, up or down. These are commonly called as "ells" which come with a variety of angles. There are also cross fittings which are actually the ones that will give a two-way direction, mostly has a Y shape.

We can also reduce the fittings into different sizes depending on how long we will need for the pipes.

· Flexrock packing

This is used to seal any leaks and threading imperfect traps. It is a metallic, self-lubricating and self-forming packing. We need to have this at most times so we can easily cover any leaks that may happen.

· Hangers

These are used to support the pipes that run along the walls or ceilings. We can get them in a variety of sizes and any shapes. We can use them to tighten any loosed hanging pipes so that they will be attached stringer on the walls.

· Insulating materials

These are materials such as hair, cork, wool felt, asbestos and any various minerals that are considered insulators. All of these will protect our occupants of the house from any burns caused by heat.

· Lead

There are lots of usages with lead in plumbing projects. For example, the pipes made out of lead, we use the sheet lead as its water proffer. Molten lead on the other hand can be used to seal the joints in casting iron pipes.

· Copper

Tubing that is made of copper conveys better for hot and cold water supplies. It dies not oxidize unless attacked by any dissolved gasses in the water. Soluble coppers are best because they are not harmful.

· Pipes

These are what most of our faucets and plumbing projects needs to have. There are lots of kinds of pipes that come with different variety of sizes and shapes. Pipes are used to filter and carry water from the faucet, the sink, and others. Those are all the plumbing materials that we need to have in our homes in case of any sudden plumbing problems.

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How to Replace a Toilet – the Easy Way

Most of us think that replacing a toilet is something that's best left to a professional plumber. This is partially true- if you don't have the time or the know how then it's probably better to call in a professional plumbing contractor to do the job for you. But if you are willing to learn how to replace a toilet, have some time on your hands and ready to put in some effort, replacing an existing toilet with a new one is something you can do yourself. In fact, you can have a new toilet installed with a few easy steps.

What Tools and Materials Do You Need?

Before you commence work on the demolition and installation process you should get your tools and materials ready.

New toilets come in a range of sizes and styles so you will easily be able to select one to suit your application. The critical measurement to know when selecting your new toilet is the distance from the wall behind the toilet to the rearmost hold-down bolts on the toilet pan. This measurement is called the toilet’s rough-in. You must ensure the new toilet has the rough-in measurement and the existing toilet you are removing. Most toilets are designed with a 12 inch rough-in but it is very important to check. If you get this right the rest of the job should go smoothly.

The new toilet you select should come with all the parts you need- in any case; you'll require a toilet gasket as well as 5/16 inch bolts to lock the toilet down. You may also need some bathroom grade calking to finish off the joint between the toilet pan and the floor. You will also need an adjustable open ended wrench to disconnect the plumbing and bolts.

Removing of the Old Toilet

Ok so now its time to remove the old toilet. The first step is to shut off the toilet water supply and flushing the toilet to empty its tank. Make sure you hold down the flushing button or trip-lever to ensure all the water runs out. Remove any excess water with a bucket and a sponge to make sure they are both empty.

On the bottom of the tank on the left side, you'll find a nut that attaches the water line to the ball cock valve- remove this with an adjustable open ended wrench. You'll also need to remove the two bolts that lock the toilet to the floor. If you can’t unscrew them you may need to cut them off with a hacksaw.

Once this is done, you should be able to rock the toilet side to side to break the seal and simply lift the toilet up and remove it. If not, check that the tank is not fixed internally to the wall. If it is you will need to remove these fixings to allow the tank to be removed first before you can remove the bowl.

Once the toilet is removed, you'll notice a circular flange on the floor. This is where your new toilet will be mounted. It is important to clean up the existing flange and inspect it to confirm it is not damaged to ensure the new connection con be done properly. Remove any old caulking, putty and wax from both the floor and the toilet flange. Clean the floor thoroughly around the base of the toilet as the new toilet footprint may be different and not cover any marks etc. you may even want to consider painting the wall behind the toilet at this point while you have easy access.

Installing the Bowl

To install the new toilet bowl you pretty much do the reverse of what you did to remove the old toilet. First sit the toilet pan in position over the flange and check that is sits on the floor solidly without rocking. If it is not stable you may need to pack the bottom of the toilet with some non rusting washers. Once this is checked remove the pan again. Next put the 5/16 inch hold down bolts in the holes with the heads on the inside, so that they are straight and opposite of each other. Now place the new toilet gasket on the flange with the flat side pointing up. The toilet gasket should be at room temperature to ensure the seal is effective.

Now you just have to put the new toilet on the flange so the bolts come up at the right places, then lower the bowl gently into position. Apply some pressure so that the gasket makes a seal to mount the toilet on the floor. To set the bowl to the floor it is ok to rock it back and forth and side to side a couple of times while applying pressure towards the floor. This will force out excess wax from the gasket. Ensure the final position of the toilet is solid, doesn’t rock and is square to the rear wall. Be careful not to lift the bowl from the floor while making adjustments otherwise the seal may be broken and will need to be redone

The next part of your toilet installation is basically locking the toilet into place. You'll need to tighten the bolts with washers and nuts but be careful- over tightening will cause the bowl to crack. You should just get the bolts to be snugly tightened.

Installing The Tank

Now you'll need to install the tank. for this, you'll need to push in the mounting bolts at the bottom, like you did with the flange. In this case, you'll need to place rubber washers to ensure a tight fit. Place a sponge rubber gasket over the discharge tube- this is where the tank and the bowl meet.

Make sure the gasket is securely set and the bolts are threaded through the right holes. Tighten these with washers and bolts- if possible, get someone to hold the tank tightly down so you can bolt in snugly. Now you need to put in one of the most important parts of toilet installation- the toilet handle. Remember these are threaded in reverse. Next, connect the flapper and chain inside the tank.

Once this is done, you're ready to attach the toilet lid to the bowl. There should be a water line ready to go into the underside of the tank- connect this and then turn on the water. Keep an eye out for leaks, and then flush the toilet a few times. If the bowl retains water with no problems, you're ready to do the final tighten of the bowl to the floor.

If there are still some shakes with the toilet, you can use rubber shims to stabilize things. Now do up the bowl hold down bolts one turn beyond hand tight remembering that it is important not to over-tighten as you may crack the bowl.

Once you've bolted down the bowl, cut the ends of the bolts and put the plastic caps on them. Putting some caulking around the base of the bowl is also a good idea, as it offers an extra water-proof shield as well as extra stability.

The Celebration!

That's it! Your toilet replacement is now complete. As you can see, it really just requires a little patience, some very basic tools and a little bit of know-how.

For more on how to replace a toilet and other do it yourself hints and tips be sure to browse through the other related pages at http://topcontractorsonline.com.

About the Author

Blake Maxted is an experienced construction manager, property developer and investor. He has extensive knowledge of all aspects of construction and knows exactly how to get projects done right for the lowest price possible without sacrificing style, function or quality.

More information on do it yourself plumbing, roofing, and other common construction techniques is freely avaliable at http://topcontractorsonline.com.

Blake's other site, http://dreamhomedesignguide.com/ is dedicated to guiding you through every step of the design and construction of your new dream home ensuring that you get exactly what you want, at the best price possible, without sacrificing style, quality or function.

i'm doing piping course & following r topics covered.?

I completed my b_tech &I’m fresher & I’m doing piping course. topics covered r
-introduction of piping engg
-pipe manufacturing technology & types
-valves
-flanges
-gaskets
-traps
-welding
-lining & insulation
-color coding(ANSI)
-hangers & supports
-pipe racks
-special equipments
-corrosion & its effects
-pumps & pump head calculation
-plot plan
-layouts
-process flow diagram(PDF)
-piping & instrumentation diagram & exercise(P&ID)
-pump piping basics
-fluid flow in the pipe
-chemical process equipments
-drawing generation
-G.A(general arrangement drawing)
-pressure drop calculation
-pipe thickness calculations
-grade orientation & its importation
-piping system as per ASME-31.3
-MTO
-pipe design thumb rules
-3D generation
-importance of pipe stress analysis
-piping software
r they sufficient or anything more should i learn to get a job
lining

That is more than suffecient, however and since you are studying these topics , it is worth learn the relevant soft ware like " pipeline studio " , put some emphasis on pipe stress analysis

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