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From the time of creation of automobiles, there had been consecutive effort to invent new designs and technologies. This led to many events resulting in important chapters of the history of the automobile industry by launching new cars even in India. Here are some of such car facts which comprises of discoveries, creative designs and technologies which became stepping stones in the making of today's cars. In the year 1782, the first engine crank was built.

The credit of this revolutionary invention goes to James Watt whose improvements in the steam engine where fundamental to the changes brought by Industrial revolution in the Great Britain and the rest of the world. The first toll roads in U.S where opened in Pennsylvania and Connecticut in the year 1792. This introduced quality high speed roads to existence. Other major outbreaks which created a sensation in the automobile engines was of the spark plug and internal combustion engines. Jean Joseph Lenoir invented a two stroke internal combustion engine fueled by coal gas and triggered by an electric spark-ignition n 1858. Modern tyres are derived from the invention by Charles Goodyear, the vulcanized rubber in 1844. In 1895, Andre Michelin designed and fitted the first air filled tire to the motor car.

The complex laws and regulations for automobiles started in 1865 when speed restrictions introduced in UK. The act known as the "Locomotive act ", restricted the speed of horse-less vehicles to 4mph in the open country an 2mph in towns. Karl Benz invented and patented radiators in 1885 for using in his first horseless carriage. he first car was offered for sale, it was by Benz in the year 1887. Nine years later Duryea first started the production of motor vehicles in the U.S Auto insurance, the multi billion dollar industries now forms an integral part of automobile registration laws. In the year 1897, the first policy was purchased in Westfield, Massachusetts. Initially cars were steered with a tiller. Steering wheels were first introduced in 1898 by a Pan hard & Leaser model.

French became the first car manufacturers in the world. Automakers Pan hard & Leaser started production in the year 1889 followed by Peugeot in 1891. In U.S, Duryea was the first to start manufacturing motor vehicles. They started production in 1896. In 1896, Bridget Driscoll died when a passing car hit her in London. The event was the first road traffic death. At the beginning of 20th century, there were only 8000 cars in the U.S and barely 25,000 cars worldwide. Surprisingly only around 20 cars in Tokyo at that time! Amazing is the figure in 2002 where numbers show a growth of 21, 200% a whopping 530million cars world wide!! As old is the history of auto racing as motor vehicles. As the cars underwent numerous technology changes, the fundamentals of auto racing too were subject to metamorphosis. The common name for car racing, Grand prix, came into existence with its first use in the year 1901 in France. Since then, for over a hundred years, the world saw numerous types of auto racing, it emerging as a major sports and champions who became legends. The use of windshield glass is unavoidable in motor vehicles. The safety of shatter-proof glasses came into existence by its invention by Triplex in the year 1908.

Ford revolutionized the car manufacturing by introducing assembly line for their model Ford-T in the year 1908. The concept of assembly line was to produce automobiles with lesser effort and cost by making the process of production organized. It brought down the affordability of cars to the middle class which once was a plaything for the rich and elite. 15 million model Ts had been manufactured by 1927. A patent for windscreen wipers was given to Gladstone Adams in Britain in 1911. The first cars fitted with electric windscreen wipers came to the market in 1922. Americans Francis Davis and George Jessup invented hydraulic power steering system between 1920 and 1926. Chrysler imperial became the first production vehicle to be fitted with this system in 1952.

In 1929, the car radio was invented by Paul Gavin. He named it as 'Motorola'. The first car to be fitted with an electrical turn indicator was a Buick in the year 1938. Electric door locks where first introduced in 1956, later in 1958 the first remote adjusted side view mirrors was introduced. Soon the world realized the harmful effects of automobile pollution. The law on emission control was first introduced in California in 1965. After that many safety devices also became mandatory in vehicles. In 1978 Bosch developed the first Antilock Braking System (ABS) and first appeared in trucks and cars by Mercedes-Benz. ABS helps the driver to maintain the control on the steering while braking. Realizing the fast pace the crude reserves getting dry, major manufacturers started developing engines that use more than one fuel, the engines were known as hybrid engines.

In 1997 Honda and Toyota were the first to introduce cars with hybrid engines. When one buy's the car never remembers the brains behind the car technologies. It is all this latest innovation that helps to sell the cars in India or any country for that matter. Following are few of the worlds' top selling cars Toyota corolla: Had sold more than 35 million (production started in 1966). Volkswagen Golf: Sold more than 25 million. Volkswagen Beetle: 21.5million cars sold till the production ceased by 2003.It is the best selling car in the world whose shape has remained the same as the original design. Ford Escort: More than 20 million cars produced during 1968-2003. Ford Model T: In a span of 19 years, more than 15 million cars were produced.

To read more interesting car articles, visit New Cars.

Volkswagen Polo Mk4

History

Launched in September 2001, the fourth generation Polo (internal designation Typ 9N) was made available in early 2002. In keeping with VW's aim of floor pan sharing it shares its platform with the SEAT Ibiza Mk3, SEAT Crdoba Mk2 and koda Fabia Mk1 & Mk2 . The car is all new, and bears more structural resemblance to the 6K than the 6N, outwardly the most recognizable change is the quad round headlights similar to the Volkswagen Lupo. At a length of 3,900 mm (153.5 in), it is larger than the first generation of its larger sibling, the 3,820 mm (150.4 in) Volkswagen Golf Mk1.

The car was available with several petrol and diesel engines: a 1.2 L three-cylinder petrol engine with 55 PS (40 kW; 54 hp) or 64 PS (47 kW; 63 hp) (depending on the number of valves per cylinder, two or four) and a 16-valve 1.4 L 4-cylinder with 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) or 100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp) petrol engine, the last one on the 16V-badged model. Both turbocharged and unturbocharged diesel engines were available such as the 4 cylinder 1.9L SDI (Suction Diesel Injection) which also offered 64 PS (47 kW; 63 hp) but with 125 Nm (92 lbft) of torque, slightly more than some petrol powered units. As well as the unturbocharged SDI engine, newer TDI PD turbodiesel units were also available, these being a 1.9 L with 100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp) and a three-cylinder 1.4 L model (the 1.9 with one cylinder less) with 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp). A sporty 1.9 TDI PD model, named Polo GT, was launched in 2004, with 130 PS (96 kW; 128 hp).

Sales in the UK were disappointing, and in 2005 it finished in the bottom 10 of the Top Gear survey - in the supermini sector, only the Fiat Punto was more disappointing to own.

Volkswagen Racing part of VW Motorsport rallied a Polo S1600 in the 2003 JWRC winning the Turkish round, the Super 1600 developed 165 kW (224 PS; 221 hp) to its front wheels.

Release in North America

Volkswagen Polo clean diesel

In January 2009, Volkswagen Group of America CEO Stefan Jacoby announced that the Polo will finally reach North America to join the vehicle lineup as a true entry-level car below the Rabbit. Volkswagen fans in the United States and Canada have been clamoring for the Polo to be added to the North American VW lineup for years. It is uncertain whether North America will receive the previous generation Polo or the current generation version, which is set to debut at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2009. It is anticipated that the Polo will be built at Volkswagen's plant in Puebla, Mexico to help keep the price of the vehicle low.

Models and specifications

The model range includes the norm for current VW's from the Comfortline to the Trendline and Highline, whilst featuring an extense list of extras that had now become norm in mid-sized small cars. Items such as ABS, power steering, front and side air bags and front and rear head restraints were standard on all models and ESP, brake assistance, air conditioning, satellite navigation etc. were optional on higher spec models.

There was also a mini SUV version of the Polo with off-road styling named Polo Fun (Polo Dune in the UK), but despite its appearance the car was never available with four-wheel drive. Volkswagen has revealed that the Mk5 Polo Fun/Polo Dune/CrossPolo will have 4MOTION. A sedan version, called Polo Classic, is produced in Brazil, South Africa and China and exported to the rest of Latin America and Australia. With the introduction of the Polo Classic saloon in the Australian market in 2004, the Chinese version, has the distinction of being the first Chinese-built car to be produced in right hand drive.

Dimensions:

Length: 3,897 mm (153.4 in)

Width: 1,650 mm (65.0 in)

Height: 1,465 mm (57.7 in)

Wheelbase: 2,460 mm (96.9 in)

Volkswagen Polo Saloon

Compared to the Polo hatchback, the saloon model is completely re-styled from the B-pillar rearwards. The window line has a slight upward incline and the roof features Volkswagen trademark curves and the concise styling of the C-pillar provides aspects that are actually reminiscent of a coupe. At the rear, the large horizontally divided rear lights and sculptured panels complete a design that is classically Volkswagen.

Overall, the Polo Classic is 28 centimetres longer than the hatchback version. Consequently with the rear seatback in place, the Polo Classic offers 461 litres of boot capacity (211 litres more than the hatchback siblings and with the rear seats folded down, 1127 litres of storage capacity is available.

Under the bonnet is Volkswagen 1.6-litre multi-valve engine that delivers 100 hp of power at 5500 rpm and peak torque of 140 Nm at 3250 rpm. Transmission is a five-speed manual.

Standard features including dual front and side airbags, semi-automatic air conditioning, CD player, ABS brakes and remote central locking with engine immobiliser.]

2005 facelift (Typ 9N3)

In 2005, the Typ 9N was facelifted to create the Mk4F, with new headlights, taillights and a different hatch, which resemble other recent models in Volkswagen's lineup. The Typ 9N3 was designed by Walter de'Silva and comes in six different trims, ranging from the basic 'E' model to the 'GTI'. Like its predecessor, the standard models uses the same engine range from the 1.2 L 55 PS (40 kW) 3-cylinder engine to the 100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp) TDI engine.

Volkswagen also announced the successor of the Polo Fun mini MPV, now called "CrossPolo", still missing four-wheel drive.

Dimensions:

Length: 3,926 mm (154.6 in)

Width: 1,650 mm (65.0 in)

Height: 1,465 mm (57.7 in)

Wheelbase: 2,460 mm (96.9 in)

Polo GTI

Main article: Volkswagen Polo GTI

With the introduction of the Polo Mk4, the Polo GTI Mk3 was discontinued and was given no direct replacement. It was not until late 2005 that the Polo GTI was reintroduced. It was unveiled on October 21, 2005 at the Australian International Motor Show. It featured a 20-valve turbocharged 1.8-litre 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) petrol engine which had been used in models such as the Golf GTI Mk4 and the VW Passat Mk5.

Its styling bears some resemblance to the Mk5 Golf GTI, with a blacked out central "scoop" in the bumper surrounding the honeycomb grille. In this new model the xenon headlights and fully digital climate control are options, unlike the Polo GTI Mk3 which feaured them as standard. Although faster than the previous model, the Polo GTI Mk4 is less powerful than the top versions of the Renault Clio, BMW MINI and its stablemate SEAT Ibiza, most of which come with engines with a maximum output above 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp). This led Volkswagen to quickly beef up the Polo further to create the Polo GTI Cup Edition, which was tuned to around 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) and featured more aggressive styling.

Other versions

In 2006, VW released the Polo BlueMotion which has a fuel consumption of 3.9 L/100 km (72 mpg-imp; 60 mpg-US) and the Polo GTI Cup Edition with 132 kW (179 PS; 177 hp) , which sprinted to 0-100 km (0-62 mph) in 7.5 seconds.

VW Racing in South Africa rallied a Super 2000 Polo, which shared some components with its sister World Rally Car koda Fabia. Its 2.0-litre engine delivered a maximum output of 191 kW (260 PS; 256 hp) .

See also

Volkswagen Polo for an overview of all models

Volkswagen Polo Mk1

Volkswagen Polo Mk2

Volkswagen Polo Mk3

Volkswagen Polo Mk5

References

^ http://www.autoblog.com/2009/01/16/confirmed-vw-polo-coming-to-the-u-s/ CONFIRMED: VW Polo coming to the U.S., Retrieved 1-Feb-09

^ Next generation CrossPolo to get 4MOTION

^

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Volkswagen Polo IV

Volkswagen UK's Polo Site

Volkswagen Australia's Polo Site

Polo Mark IV/IVF review - Parkers

Polo Mark VF review - What Car

Volkswagen Launches Polo Classic Sedan

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Volkswagen Passenger Cars a marque of the Volkswagen Group

Volkswagen Group

marques & companies

Volkswagen Passenger Cars  Audi  quattro GmbH  SEAT  koda  Lamborghini  Bentley  Bugatti 

Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles  Scania

see also

list of Volkswagen Group factories  list of Volkswagen Group platforms  list of Volkswagen Group petrol engines  list of Volkswagen Group diesel engines  discontinued petrol engines  discontinued diesel engines  North American engines  Volkswagen air cooled engine  Wasserboxer  G-Lader  G40 / G60  4motion

current Volkswagen

passenger car range

Citi Golf  Derby  Eos  Fox (Lupo)/CrossFox/Suran (SpaceFox/SportVan)  Gol (Pointer)/Parati/Saveiro  Golf Mk5 Variant  Golf Mk6 (Rabbit)/GTI/Golf Plus/CrossGolf  Jetta (Bora/Sagitar/Vento)  Lavida  New Beetle  Passat (Magotan)/Santana (2000/3000)  Passat CC  Phaeton  Polo/CrossPolo  Polo GTI  Routan  Scirocco  Sharan  Tiguan  Touareg  Touran

discontinued

aircooled VW models

181 (Kurierwagen/Trekker/Thing/Safari)  411/412 (Type 4)  1500/1600 (Type 3)  Beetle (Type 1)  Brasilia  Country Buggy (Sakbayan)  Hebmller Cabriolet  Karmann Ghia  Kommandeurwagen  Kbelwagen  Schwimmwagen  SP2  Type 18A  VW-Porsche 914

discontinued

watercooled VW models

Apollo  Corrado  Golf Cabriolet  Golf (Rabbit) Mk1-Mk5  Iltis  K70  Lupo  Pointer/Logus  Polo Playa  Polo GT G40

Volkswagen

concept vehicles

1-Litre Concept  up!/space up!/space up! blue/E-Up!/Up! Lite  GX3  Iroc  EcoRacer  Concept A  Concept R  New Beetle Ragster  EDAG Biwak (New Beetle estate)  Microbus Concept  W12/Nardo  Stanley  Concept BlueSport

future Volkswagen cars

New Small Family  New Compact Sedan  New Midsize Sedan  Golf Mk6 Cabriolet

VW-based kit-cars /

campervans / racing cars

Herbie  Formula Vee  Baja Bug  Meyers Manx  EMPI Imp  Westfalia Campervans

founder: Deutsche Arbeitsfront  Volkswagen Passenger Cars corporate website  A marque of the Volkswagen Group  Transparent Factory  Das Auto

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previous Volkswagen Passenger Cars timeline, European market, 1980sresent a marque of the Volkswagen Group

type /

class

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

city car

Lupo

Fox

supermini

... Polo/Derby Mk1

Polo/Derby/Classic Mk2

Polo/Classic Mk2F

Polo/Classic Mk3

Polo Mk3F

Polo Mk4

Polo Mk4F

Polo Mk5

Polo G40

small

family car

... Type 1 (Beetle)

New Beetle

... Golf Mk1

Golf Mk2

Golf Mk3

Golf Mk4

Golf Mk5

Golf Mk6

... Jetta Mk1

Jetta Mk2

Vento

Bora

Jetta Mk5

large family car

Passat I

Passat II

Passat III

Passat IV

Passat V

Passat VI

exec. luxury car

Phaeton

coup

... Scirocco I

Scirocco II

Scirocco III

Corrado

Passat CC

convertible

. . . Golf Mk1 Cabriolet

Golf Mk2 Cabriolet

Golf Mk3 Cabriolet

New Beetle Cabriolet

Eos

compact

MPV

Golf Plus

Touran

large MPV

Sharan

off-roader

(SUV)

Tiguan

Touareg

Founder: Deutsche Arbeitsfront  Volkswagen corporate website  A marque of the Volkswagen Group  Das Auto  4motion  G40 / G60

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Volkswagen Passenger Cars timeline, South American market, 1980resent a marque of the Volkswagen Group

type /

class

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

economy

car

Gol / Parati (I)

Gol / Parati (IF)

Gol / Parati (II)

Gol / Parati / Gol Country (III)

Gol / Parati / Gol Country (IV)

Voyage / Gacel (I)

Amazon / Senda (IF)

Polo Classic (Mk3)

supermini

Fox / CrossFox

SpaceFox / Suran

Polo (Mk4)

Polo (Mk4F)

small

family car

Pointer

Golf Mk3

Golf Mk4

Apollo

Logus

Bora

Vento / Jetta (Mk5)

large

family car

Passat (B1)

Passat (B3)

Passat (B4)

Passat (B5)

Santana / Carat / Quantum

car-derived van

Caddy III

pickup truck

Saveiro (I)

Saveiro (IF)

Saveiro (II)

Saveiro (III)

Saveiro (IV)

panel van

Volkswagen Transporter

founder: Deutsche Arbeitsfront  Volkswagen corporate website  A marque of the Volkswagen Group  Das Auto  4motion  Volkswagen do Brasil

Categories: Volkswagen vehicles | Subcompact cars | Front wheel drive vehicles | Hatchbacks | Vehicles introduced in 2001 | 2000s automobiles
About the Author

I am an expert from China Manufacturers, usually analyzes all kind of industries situation, such as emv card , duel master cards.

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