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It seems like cars can run on just about anything these days, including electricity, hydrogen, and alcohol. The next big question is will automobiles be able to be fueled by air in the future?

The air engine is already here and it is very clean as far as pollutants go as it is an emission-free type of piston engine which is fueled by compressed air. An ex French Formula One engineer, Guy Negre was the first to invent a compressed air vehicle.

Pistons that are in a modified piston engine are driven by the expansion of compressed air. The engine is efficient because environmental heat at regular temperatures is utilized to slightly heat the cold, expanded air from a storage tank.

The air expansion can lead to a very efficient auto. As a bonus, the only exhaust that the car produces is cold air, at −15 °C. This can then be utilized to air condition the vehicle. The air is stored in a pressurized carbon-fibre tank and it is sent to the engine by a conventional injection system.

In fact, the concept was supposed to hit the market as the largest automaker in India, Tata Motors, was ready to begin manufacturing the first commercial air-powered vehicle in the world. The Air Car, which was developed by Negre for MDI, which is based in Luxembourg, is currently being worked on, but there have been difficulties with its final production.

If the Air Car works as planned, it should be able to reach about 68 mph with a range of approximately 125 miles. The cars will be able to refuel at petrol stations that have custom air compressor units. It is predicted that it will only cost a few dollars to fill the tanks of cars tanks with 340 litres of air at 4350 psi. It is also predicted that drivers will be able to plug into the electrical grid and refill the tanks in approximately four hours by using the built-in compressors of the auto.

Of course, with every invention like this, there are advantages and disadvantages. The main advantages of the air car are:

* You can refuel at home and at petrol stations very cheaply with an air compressor.

* The vehicles will be cheaper as manufacturers do not have to construct spark plugs, a cooling system, starter motor, and muffler.

* The discharge rate of the battery is quite low. This means the cars can be left alone for long stretches of time and they will still have a charge.

* When the air expands, its temperature cools down and it can be used as air conditioning for the car.

* Hazardous chemicals such as metals or battery acids and gasoline will be reduced or eliminated all together.

* Some designs may allow for energy by compressing and then storing air during braking.

Some of the disadvantages include:

* The indirect use of the energy as energy is required to compress the air, which then supplies energy to operate the motor. This conversion of energy between these forms will result in loss of energy. It will be lost as chemical energy is converted into electrical energy, which is then changed to compressed air.

* The expanded air inside the engine will cool and needs to be heated to ambient temperature with a typical heat exchanger. The exchanger may freeze up in moist, cool climates when it attempts to heat the air.

* Refueling the car with a small air compressor at home could take up to four hours. A compressor power of more than a Megawatt (1000 kW) would be required to fill the tank of the car in five minutes.

* A compressed-air car is generally considered to be less efficient than a battery electric vehicle.

While there are several companies working on designs, it still seems at the moment that the reality of the air car is still at least a few years away from being launched, if it ever makes the light of day at all.

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Joint Statement of Ford, Gm, Chrysler on Meeting With Pres. Bush

The Chief Executive Officers (CEO) of America's leading Detroit-based automakers including Richard Wagoner of General Motors, Alan Mulally of Ford Motor Company, and Tom LaSorda of Chrysler Group has recently conducted a meeting with President George W. Bush to help improve the development of alternative fuel (e.g. ethanol and biodiesel fuel). The three automakers also aim to reduce the country's dependence on petroleum based products and reduce consumption of gas.

After the meeting with President Bush, the three CEOs went outside the White House with the President and US Transportation Secretary Mary Peters to discuss some ways on how to improve the consumer's access to alternative fuels.

Here is what the three CEOs said in a join statement regarding the meeting:

"We briefed the President about the more than 6 million FFVs on the road today and we will add over a million FFV cars and trucks in 2007 alone. We explained to the President that if all these vehicles were running on E85, they would displace more than 3.6 billion gallons of gasoline a year. And even more compelling, if all the E85 capable vehicles on the road today -- along with those that GM, Ford and DaimlerChrysler have already committed to produce over the next 10 years -- were to run on E85, we could displace 22 billion gallons of gasoline annually. Also, if all manufacturers made a comparable commitment to make half their annual production capable of running on biofuels, we could increase the savings to 37 billion gallons of gasoline annually in 2017.

Furthermore, we pointed out the benefits of clean diesel technology and that if all diesel vehicles today were fueled with B5 (five percent biodiesel) we could displace 1.85 billion gallons of petroleum per year; and 7.4 billion gallons per year if B20 (20 percent biodiesel) were utilized.

In order to achieve these levels of petroleum savings, we asked the President to help provide Americans with reasonable access to these fuels at a price that is competitive with gasoline. Right now there are approximately 1,100 E85 pumps in the U.S. and 1,000 biodiesel pumps, out of 170,000 gas stations. We expressed to the President that we are willing to lead the way, but we need government and fuel providers to increase infrastructure before we can make a meaningful impact.

In addition, we discussed with the President that as part of an overall national strategy to fully tap the potential of biofuels to displace petroleum, vehicle production increases must be accompanied by continuing the incentives that encourage the manufacture, distribution, and availability of biofuels and the production of flexible fuel vehicles.

We updated the President on our wide range of advanced vehicle technologies that run on alternative fuels such as E85, biodiesel, electricity and hydrogen. Plug-in hybrid vehicles can play a significant role in our transportation future. Increased funding for domestic battery research and development can help accelerate bringing these vehicles to market.

Overall, we were pleased with the exchange that we had with the President and all parties came away with an understanding of the significant, positive impact that biofuels can make on the environment and in reducing our nation's reliance on oil.

We welcome the opportunity to continue working with President Bush, his Administration, and the Congress in a bipartisan manner and to move forward on solutions to these issues while continuing to do our part to ensure America's long-standing leadership in manufacturing and innovation."

This statement emphasizes that GM, Ford, and DaimlerChrysler will develop and produce vehicles with E85 capability in the next 10 years. So expect to see a Mercedes-Benz luxury super car model running on ethanol fuel pumping out on its Mercedes engine parts.

About the Author

Dwyane Thomas is a part time cook and full-time auto-enthusiast. This 31-year old Civil and Environmental graduate is a consultant at one of the engineering firms in Pennsylvania.

Where is the oil drain plug in a 2003 Ford F-150?

hi there...

its on the bottom left side of the bottom of the motor!

1991 Ford Escort GT from North America - Comments
Engine is very common to leak oil into plug wells, which causes sputtering, loss of mpg, and power. Replaced plug wires. (175000) Car burns up a lot of oil, added a quart every time I filled up with gas.

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