Head Valve Guides

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Head Valve Guides
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There are several valves that play a critical role in the efficient operation of your vehicle. For example, intake valves allow fuel into each cylinder's combustion chamber. Exhaust valves allow vapors to exit the chambers following the combustion process. When problems form with the valves, your engine may suffer performance issues, including misfires and compression leaks. It's important to have such problems addressed quickly to preserve your engine's performance.

With that in mind, we'll answer the most common questions people ask about their vehicles' valves. The following should give you a better understanding regarding why they're important, the issues that affect them, and the best approach toward resolving problems.

"What Causes Valves To Fail?"

Like all components, valves suffer wear and tear over tens of thousands of miles. If you drive your car far enough, they'll eventually need to be replaced. However, they can fail long before they wear down due to burning or breaking.

Valves perform their jobs under extremely high temperatures. Exhaust valves run exceptionally hot (up to 1,400 degrees Fahrenheit) because they are exposed to the vapors that result from the combustion process. These high temperatures make them especially susceptible to burning.

When the valves burn, the metal become less sturdy. It's not uncommon for them to suffer fatigue, causing pieces to break off. When this occurs, a compression leak develops.

"What Happens During A Valve Job?"

This type of repair work involves removing the cylinder head to expose the failing valves and guides. The more thorough repair shops will completely dismantle the cylinder head so the individual components can be cleaned and inspected. If cracks are identified, the entire head is either fixed or replaced (cracks are serious because they allow coolant to seep into the combustion chamber).

Next, the guides are replaced since they are usually worn past the point of effectiveness. The valves are either refaced if they're still usable, or replaced.

"How Much Does This Type Of Work Cost?"

The repair bill can range from a few hundred dollars to several thousand. A lot depends on the type of engine in your vehicle and the type of repairs needed. For example, fixing a single valve in a standard 4-cylinder might cost under $400, including the labor. On the other hand, replacing multiple valves, fixing a crack head, and performing related repairs on an import can drive the bill upward.

"What Is A Leakdown Test?"

A leakdown test is used to find compression leaks from your cylinders' combustion chambers. It identifies whether your cylinders are sealing properly and if they're not, measures the percentage leakage. It's worth noting that all engines suffer a degree of compression leakage. Even the best engines leak up to 10 percent of their compression. If a leakdown shows a compression loss of 30 percent or more, have a mechanic check your intake and exhaust valves.

"What Other Problems Can Affect Valves?"

Besides burning, breaking, and suffering normal wear and tear, your engine's valves can also become bent. This can occur for several reasons, but often happens due to a broken timing belt. The belt breaks and sends the cylinder's piston crashing into the valve. If a significant amount of damage results, the valve will need to be replaced. If the damage is minor, it can be refaced and reinstalled.

Engine valves receive far less attention than they deserve. They fill a role without which your vehicle could not operate efficiently. By sealing the combustion chamber, and opening at the precise moment to allow fuel to enter and gases to exit, your intake and exhaust valves perform a critical function. As such, when problems occur, they should be addressed quickly.

Repairing these components can be expensive, and becomes more so with the extent of the damage (i.e. cracks, breaks, etc.). However, neglecting the problem practically ensures it will be more costly to fix down the road.

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Maximize Your Car’S Speed: Cylinder Head Porting

Cruising along a hi-way, a powerful car easily overtook you at speeds you and your car can only dream of. Do you want that extra kick from your engine?

Dream no further. The most effective way to maximize your car’s engine power is to increase airflow in its cylinder heads. With any engine, an efficient cylinder head set equals heightened horsepower.

Energy is converted from the mixture of air and fuel that passes through the cylinder heads before being transferred to the wheels. As you can see, the greater amount of this mixture that is able to enter the cylinder heads results to higher energy availability.

Ported Cylinder is the answer

Porting is a process that involves grinding away excess protruding parts in the cylinder heads. In effect, greater amounts of air will easily flow in the intake and exhaust ports of your engine. Even the tiniest unnecessary material in the cylinder will cause the engine to work double time in creating energy.

Generally, the best way to gain greatest airflow is from a technique called “deep pocket porting”, which places the cylinder head in an area that is half-inch in combustion chamber while half-inch over the port. Combined with necessary removal of dirt and unwanted materials in the cylinders and chambers, this technique is the fastest and most efficient way to promote airflow.

Porting Tools

The required tools are easily available in most hardware stores or Internet.  First, air compressor and air powered die grinder for faster porting. Next, 60 to 80 grit sanding rolls for a smoother finish in the cylinders. It also removes tiny protrusions left by the grinder. Lastly, carbide cutters and shop vaccuum.

Aside from ensuring that the cylinders are correctly ported, you must also properly level out the guide bosses and make sure the cylinder heads are perfectly fitted to enable a smooth intake of air from the port.

After porting the heads, a check-up from an expert automotive machinist is advised. He will further determine if valves are properly sized, valve seats and faces are correctly grinded, and if the heads are flat and perfectly fitted.

Safety Instructions

With any automotive work, safety steps are required. When dealing with a grinder, always wear safely glasses and mask to avoid particles from irritating facial parts. Also, use a powerful shop vacuum to suck out tiny materials in the chamber and ports.

For more tips and information about Cylinder Head Porting, please visit http://www.rj-performance.com/

About the Author

RJ Performance Calgary, Canada was founded in 1998 and has grown into one of North America’s premier medium and light duty diesel engine and component suppliers. We import manufactured products from more than 10 countries. Our goal is to provide you with exceptional Parts for exceptional prices.

Is there clearance on the valve guides ?

1990 5.7l with a .470 lift cam , is there going to be a clearance issue between the valve guide and the valve. Is the rocker going to bottom out on the guides and bust my heads.. If so what should i do.

Get yourself a degree wheel and check. A valve stem usually has about 1-1/2 thousandths of an inch of clearance between it and the guide to allow movement and lubrication. Your camshaft has no bearing on this clearance. If you want a wild guess as to whether or not you might get coil bind in the springs, rocker bind against the rocker stud or even valve spring retainer smashing into the top of the valve seal then my guess is not, not with just .470 lift. Probably would take more like .500 for any of that to happen.

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