Ford Flathead Piston

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Ford Flathead Piston
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Karts that vary in speed from 50 mph to 160 mph are powered by these small motors. It's amazing to think what kart engines are capable of.

There are many variations of motors being run, all tuned in many different ways, but there are some constants you will see out there, and I can fill you in on those.

There are two major types of kart engines:

4-cycle and 2-cycle

One of the most popular brand of 4 cycle engines are Briggs and Stratton. They are raced by lots of karters around the U.S. Briggs and Stratton build engines for small equipment all over the world, but their lawnmower engines were taken by racers a long time ago and modified to race. And they work pretty well in that capacity.

After a little while Briggs and Stratton decided to make motors specifically for racers. They made the Briggs Raptor, which was a stock 5 horse power flathead 4 cycle engine. These were usually blueprinted to specifications in the rules to get more speed out of them. This varied among types of racing classes depending on age and weight.

Raptors are still being raced today, mostly just called "flatheads." A new engine Briggs and Stratton put out was the Briggs Animal. The Animal is an overhead valve engine, which differs from the Raptor. These are 6.5 horse power stock and also mostly get blueprinted to specifications to increase speed. These also last longer than Raptors between having to get "rebuilt".

2-cycle engines work differently than 4 cycle. Without getting too technical, basically the piston in the engine only needs to move up and then down once to complete a full cycle. The 4 cycle requires it to go up and down twice. 2 cycle engines therefore can acheive much higher revolutions per minute.

These were the original karting engines but were slowly getting phased out to 4 cycle because of environmental concerns since 2 cycles burn oil and fuel together to operate. Some examples of 2 cycle kart engines are the Yamaha KT100, Comer Engine, Parilla Leopard, Vortex Rok, Rotax 125, Comer, 250cc Engines(Fastest in the world for karts), Horstman HPV, ICC 125 Shifter Kart Engine.

John Santillo-Herbert is the creator of Kart Racing Online, the #1 online source for karting information.

Main Bearing

Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009)

In a piston engine, the main bearings are the bearings on which the crankshaft rotates, usually plain or journal bearings.

All engines have a minimum of two main bearings, one at each end of the crankshaft, and they may have as many as one more than the number of crank pins. The number of main bearings is a compromise between the extra size, cost and stability of a larger number of bearings and the compactness and light weight of a smaller number. Both have advantages in terms of performance, as a shorter and more stable crankshaft will produce better engine balance.

Examples:

All single and V-twin cylinder engines have at least two main bearings, one at each end.

Parallel (inline) twin engines as used in motorcycles may have two, three, or four main bearings. Broadly speaking, older British twins had two main bearings. Japanese twins typically have four.

The oil groove is also referred to as the caspian groove. "Caspian" referring to a Sir Caspian Cruz, an early 1920s automotive engineer credited with improving lubricating properties for small automotive engines prompted by the short lifespan of inferior bearing materials.

Most four cylinder petrol and some inline six engines have three main bearings, the third in the middle. However, four cylinder inline Diesel engines usually have five main bearings due to the heavier loads imposed on the crankshaft.

Almost all current production inline six cylinder engines have seven main bearings. Older inline sixes often had either three or four main bearings.

All modern V8 engines have five main bearings, with one crank pin between each pair of adjacent main bearings. Old designs, such as the Ford flathead V-8, produced from 1932 through 1953, often had three mains.

Most straight-5 engines have six main bearings, to help counter the essential imbalance of this design.

When describing a crankshaft design, the number of main bearings is generally quoted, as the number of crank pins is determined by the engine configuration. For example, a crankshaft for an inline six engine will be described as three bearing or four bearing depending on its number of main bearings; The crank pins are not counted in this description. Similarly, when speaking of a crankshaft, the journals are the main bearing journals only. The crank pins are not normally called journals although they form the centre shafts of the big end bearings and are therefore journals in the more general sense.

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Aircraft piston engine components, systems and terminology

Piston engines

Mechanical components

Camshaft  Connecting rod  Crankpin  Crankshaft  Cylinder  Cylinder head  Gudgeon pin  Hydraulic tappet  Main bearing  Obturator ring  Oil pump  Piston  Piston ring  Poppet valve  Pushrod  Rocker arm  Sleeve valve  Tappet

Electrical components

Alternator  Capacitor discharge ignition  Generator  Electronic fuel injection  Ignition system  Magneto  Spark plug  Starter motor

Terminology

Air-cooled  Bore  Compression ratio  Dead centre  Engine displacement  Four-stroke engine  Horsepower  Ignition timing  Manifold pressure  Mean effective pressure  Naturally-aspirated  Monosoupape  Overhead camshaft  Overhead valve  Shock-cooling  Stroke  Time between overhaul  Two-stroke engine  Valve timing  Volumetric efficiency

Propellers

Components

Propeller speed reduction unit  Propeller governor

Terminology

Autofeather  Blade pitch  Contra-rotating  Constant speed  Counter-rotating  Scimitar propeller  Single-blade propeller  Variable pitch

Engine instruments

Tachometer  Hobbs meter  Annunciator panel  EFIS  EICAS  Flight data recorder  Glass cockpit

Engine controls

Carburetor heat  Throttle

Fuel and induction system

Avgas  Carburetor  Fuel injection  Gascolator  Inlet manifold  Intercooler  Pressure carburetor  Supercharger  Turbocharger

Other systems

Auxiliary power unit  Coffman starter  Hydraulic system  Ice protection system  Recoil start

Categories: Engine technology | BearingsHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from December 2009 | All articles lacking sources

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