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CAST your mind back if you will. Does your memory go back as far as the Ford Cortina? You rarely see them now! Did your grandad or perhaps even your dad drive one? Ford sold 3 million of them in the UK. Here's a few vital statistics as I remember them. Please don't quote these as they are from memory (dodgy). Overhead cam, belt driven cam, 2 litre 8 valve engine, fuel delivery carburettor, points ignition. 80 to 90 bhp!

FAST forward to the Ford Mondeo Mk 4. Belt driven overhead cam, 2 litre 16 valve, Fuel injected, electronic ignition producing any up to 150 bhp. So there's a lot more power, less emissions and lower fuel consumption than the earlier Ford Cortina. How is it done?

The modern ECU controlled engine is electronically controlled. Electronic ignition means that the spark igniting the fuel is triggered at exactly the right time as the piston rises to near the top of it's stroke. This just didn't happen very accurately in the Cortina engine because it's ignition was mechanically controlled. Lots of pulley wheels and shafts prone to wear and error. Electronic ignition is probably the largest contribution to greater engine efficiency.

Next onto electronic fuel injection. Precise control of the fuel pulsed into the engine. Pulsed accurately and in tiny droplets (under high pressure) so that more fuel is burnt in the engine and converted to movement rather than being emitted into the atmosphere in the form of unburnt fuel. The ECU (the engine's brain) controls this electronic fuel injection with the help of different sensors 'telling' it the volume and temperature of the air entering the engine at the same time informing it how wide the throttle is open. So look out for and be aware of throttle position sensor, air temperature sensor, mass air pressure sensor and anti-knock sensor. This last sensor (the anti-knock sensor) 'is used to detect pockets of air and fuel combusting outside of the normal ignition flame front, which can damage the engine or result in higher fuel costs'.

Compare electronic fuel injection as I have described with the fuel delivery of the Cortina's carburettor. The 'carb' did it's job well enough but it had to balance fuel and air mixing, throttle opening, 'rich' (when the engine is cold) and 'lean' mixture of air (depending on air and engine temperature) as well as supply fuel to at least 4 cylinders from usually just the one carburettor.

Small wonder that digit control has made engines so much more efficient overall. According to influential automotive sources 'Modern cars rely on electronics as much as on mechanics. So engine management is top priority when is comes to keeping a vehicle functioning properly.'

Mechanically the modern engine is more closely machined, most likely is running in synthetic oil (longer lasting, more durable, more friction reducing and greater heat dispersing properties than relatively unformulated mineral oil) and has the great advantage of electronic ignition over it's predecessors. All these elements and more add up to engines surviving mechanically for very much longer than pre-electronic units.

Unfortunately for the motorist the modern car, while much superior in certain technological ways, can cause problems on the electronic side of things.

Engine management (ECU, essential sensors etc.) requires diagnosis when an error or fault occurs. To an extent this is taken out of the owner's hands and only garages or main dealers with expensive diagnostic equipment can locate and identify the problem. Sometimes the 'failure' or error can be caused by something as minor as an electrical connector failure.

Contributing to engine management problems is the ever-increasing number of sensors being fitted to today's cars. There is method in what may seem like madness. Emission standards are getting more demanding (Euro 4 and 5). The aim is to lower grams/kilometer of CO2 and to help achieve this level of emissions EGR (exhaust gas recycling) valves are now fitted and linked to the MAP sensor and in turn to a more sophisticated ECU.

Learn more about solving all kinds of diesel and car problems at http://donorspares.co.uk have a look at 'Guides and Info' or why not try an on site Google search?

Freedom From Oil Campaign Applauds Ford, Edison Promise to Build Plug-in Hybrids

Rainforest Action Network Campaign Director Sarah Connolly and Global Exchange Campaign Director Mike Hudema recently commended Ford Motor Company’s announcement that it would team with Southern California Edison to build as many as 20 plug-in hybrid electric vehicle prototypes by 2009.

Earlier, Southern California Edison Co. and Ford Motor Co. announced a partnership that included a multimillion-dollar test of plug-in hybrids. Plug-ins are said to be the next-generation development of the current crop of gasoline-electric hybrids.

In addition to saving gas, Ford and Edison said, increased use of plug-in vehicles would lower greenhouse gas emissions and reduce American dependence on imported oil. The partnership will explore how plug-in hybrids would operate on a day-to-day basis and how they would fit into the state's electricity grid.

“We applaud Ford’s bold commitment to build the first ever road-ready, consumer-class plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. Consumers have been waiting a long time for an automaker to offer the next generation of ultra-fuel-efficient, gasoline-optional cars. Plug-in hybrids could very well be the key to breaking America’s destructive oil addiction by giving consumers a viable alternative to the gas-guzzling cars and trucks currently clogging our roads and polluting our atmosphere,” noted Connolly.

She added, “Plug-in vehicles, which use proven technology that is capable of achieving over 100 miles per gallon, make the U.S. Senate’s goal of 35 miles per gallon by 2020 seem painfully conservative. We are encouraged by what appears to be a sincere effort by Ford and Southern California Edison to chip away at the auto industry’s longstanding relationship with Big Oil. By being the first automaker to put a plug-in hybrid on the road, Ford is leaving its competitors in the dust.”

The Dearborn automaker wants to investigate ways to bring down the cost of the vehicles, including by using an innovative technology that allows plug-in vehicles to return unused power to the grid during periods of peak demand. 'They understand the grid, we understand the vehicles and together we can figure out how to optimize the system,' said Susan M. Cischke, Ford's senior vice president for sustainability, environment and safety engineering.

The partnership is entitled to grab hold of the Ford door handle to open more opportunities environment- and profit-wise. Under the partnership, Ford will supply a batch of its Escape SUV hybrids for Edison to use. At a later date, it will provide plug-in versions of the vehicle to the utility for testing.

'We're taking this beyond laboratory-scale work to a systematic evaluation of its impact' on the grid, said John Bryson, chief executive of Edison's parent company, Edison International. Edison serves almost five million residential and business customers in the Los Angeles Basin and parts of the coast and Central Valley.

Ford Chief Executive Alan Mulally said earlier this year that he wanted his company to embrace 'green' technologies. Ford was the first U.S. automaker to add a hybrid to its lineup when it introduced the hybrid version of the Escape.

“Powering America’s cars by electricity rather than oil will help America kick its oil addiction once and for all. Yet, despite the hope raised by today’s announcement, plenty of work remains. Utilities must earnestly begin the shift away from dirty coal and toward renewable energy sources. A green grid powered by wind and sun can cleanly recharge car batteries and help tackle our twin crises of oil addiction and global warming,” Hudema concluded.

The Freedom from Oil campaign is working to end America’s dependence on foreign oil and end global warming issues by convincing the auto industry to radically improve fuel efficiency and eradicate vehicle greenhouse gas emissions.

About the Author

Anthony Fontanelle is a 35-year-old automotive buff who grew up in the Windy City. He does freelance work for an automotive magazine when he is not busy customizing cars in his shop.

Ford CVH engine, OIl coming out of air box?

I have a Ford Orion with a cvh engine, There is oil getting in the air box, I have replaced the breather pipes as i know this can cause the problem, But there is still alot of oil getting in and covering the air filter. I have some knowledge of the cvh so i can do most basic things to it, Would an oil change help as it was owned by an elderly gent before us and im not sure how well it was looked after. Thanks

Unfortunately its knackered piston rings,Its time for a rebuilt it would appear,Basically because the rings are not forming the seal they should its making the oil pressure raise in the cranck case blowing oil into the air filter through the breathers

BEST SELLING 2011 FORD F-SERIES SUPER DUTY DIESEL BOOSTS POWER, CAPABILITY, FUEL ECONOMY AND VALUE
Ford Motor Company will begin production this week of the most powerful diesel engine ever installed in a heavy-duty pickup, Barb Samardzich, vice president of powertrain engineering, announced today at an international auto industry conference.

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