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Talk about an important basic skill to have and you're talking about knowing how to change a flat tire. Although we could always wait for our man to show up and change it for us, there are times when we either don't have a man around, or he's off on a trip somewhere and we're well and truly stuck.

If that's the case, don't depend on the kindness of strangers. Knowing how to change your own flat tire is key to your safety and security on the road.

Park the car on firm and level ground, as far off the road as you can get it safely, and get to work quickly. You don't want to be there any longer than you have to, especially if it's a busy highway.

First, set the parking brake. If you have an automatic transmission, make sure you put it in park, and if you have a manual, put it in reverse. Chock the tire that's on the opposite side and opposite end of the car from the one you're changing (that's the one diagonally across from the flat tire).

What's "chock the tire" mean? It means to put a block, rock, piece of lumber, or something to keep the car from rolling. Specifically, to keep it from rolling off the jack when you get the car up there.

Next, take the jack and spare time from the trunk and any other tools included in the spare tire area. You might need a special tool to remove the hubcap, but if there's nothing included, just pry it off with the tapered end of the jack handle or a big screwdriver. You do have one of those in your trunk, right?

Use the lug wrench (the l-shaped tool that has what looks like a socket head on one end and a pry bar on the other) and loosen the lug nuts before you raise the car. It's much easier and safer to do it now and not after you get the car on the jack. To loosen them, you should turn them counterclockwise. If you have a weird car that has lugs that loosen by turning clockwise, they should be marked. You just don't want to end up trying to tighten them when you're working so hard to get them off. Don't be afraid to put some muscle behind the lug wrench. It's seriously unlikely that you're going to be able to loosen the lugs without some real effort.

Next, you'll need to assemble the jack. Hopefully, your jack will have instructions in the owner's manual or on labels affixed to the jack itself. You might even find them under the trunk lid, but don't count on it.

Now you're ready to position the jack. Make sure you put it in the proper place. The instructions for jack placement should be with the instructions for putting the jack together. The thing is, you don't want to put a jack that's meant to go under the axle under the bumper and vice-versa. Safety is important and placing a jack in the wrong place is a disaster waiting to happen.

When the jack is in position, insert the handle, crank it clockwise (or up and down, or whatever the instructions say), and slowly raise the car until the flat tire is about 3 or 4 inches off the ground.

Make sure the car is steady. If it's not, you need to lower it and start over, because you don't want the care to end up falling off the jack while you're changing out the tire.

When the car is steady, take off the lug nuts and put them in a secure location. If you lose one, you'll be in big trouble! Next, take off the wheel and replace it with the spare. Line up the wheel studs with the mounting holes, and make sure the right side of the wheel is facing outward. This can be difficult because tires and wheels are heavy, but this is not the time to worry about getting your shirt and trousers, or skirt, dirty. It's going to happen, so you might as well get on with it.

Push the spare wheel flat against the mounting surface, and starting with the bottom wheel stud, screw on the lug nuts by hand. Make sure the tapered side faces the wheel so they'll lock in place. Once you've done them all, tighten the lugs with the lug wrench, gently, because you don't want to knock the car off the jack.

Finally, lower the car to the ground, turn the crank on the jack counterclockwise to release it, and then get the jack out of the way. Now's the time to use the wrench to tighten the lugs as tight as you can get them. Don't just go around the wheel in a circle tightening them. Crisscross the wheel, tightening the lugs that are diagonally across from each other until you've got them all as tight as possible.

Pack away your flat tire, tools, and materials and be sure not to leave anything behind. And get that tire fixed and replaced as soon as you can.

Author L. Harvey writes about many things, including safety issues for women, but how to change a flat tire is something everyone who drives needs to know. Read more articles by L. Harvey at Camo Hunting Clothes at http://www.camohuntingclothesinfo.com

Why Proposition 8 Is Illegal

What makes arguing that the issue of gay marriage is a civil rights issue is my lack of understanding about why there is any argument at all. As I understand them, civil rights ensure equality for all. If you deny a demographic a right enjoyed by others simply because of who they are, then their civil rights are being violated. Case closed.

            But there are those who argue otherwise. Their arguments against gay marriage take many directions, but their oppositions are usually rooted in religion. This not only violates civil rights but also the constitutional separation of church and state. Oppositions to gay marriage trace back to religion so often, in fact, that I would argue that Proposition 8 is unconstitutional and any judge worthy of their position should see that.

            I will quickly dismiss the emptiest of arguments (though I admit there was much competition here). There are those who argue that the recognition of only heterosexual marriage has always been the case. That may be so, but I hope I don't have to illustrate how slippery a slope the "has always been the case" argument can be. With the ‘has always been the case' mentality, we never would have abolished slavery, given women the right to vote, passed the Civil Rights Act, and accomplished so many other things that we now casually accept as fundamental human rights. As a footnote, the ‘has always been the case' crowd likes to add that though the Founding Fathers may not have specified that marriage defined as consisting of a man and a woman, that is what they meant. You know what? I don't doubt that. I also don't think that the Founding Fathers would have approved of interracial marriage.  But that is precisely why we have constitutional amendments and changing of laws. As we liberate our minds from antiquated conventions, we fix the constrictions that hinder us.

            Then there are the ‘end of civilization' criers whose main quarrel with gay marriage is that homosexual couples can't reproduce. Sadly, this is an argument that even many of us heterosexuals encounter all too often. One of the main offenses launched against interracial marriage was that it would bring the end of a ‘pure race'. No, this didn't come from Adolf Hitler or anyone on the Third Reich. This comes from middle-class all-American citizens even to this day. Without going off into the tangent that this argument works only if you believe in the superficiality of racial differences, I still find it ridiculous that people would think that, somehow, because some people chose to date outside of their race, same-race couples would stop reproducing. When this argument is applied to gay marriage, even more holes pop out. I wonder if the same people who think gays should be denied the right to marry because they can't reproduce (incidentally, when a homosexual couple genuinely wants to raise a child that would otherwise lack a good home, these very same people are the first to protest) would also deny the right to marry for a heterosexual couple that can't or (gasp!) doesn't want to have children. Besides, if this is their main issue with gay marriage than whether or not gays marry is beside the point. Married or not, homosexual couples will not reproduce. Given that, I don't see why they wouldn't want to at least partially fulfill their traditionalist bubble by letting them marry.

            I won't waste time to controvert religious fringe groups. If there is one thing I've learned it's that you can't argue with fundamentalists. Suffice to say, then, that barring the happiness and freedom of two people simply because they think what they're doing is immoral is not only wrong on all levels but also illegal, and they know it. Maybe I am just one of those ‘do-gooders that doesn't know what he's talking about', as I was labeled by a wing-nut with whom I was debating gun control on an internet forum, but I can't see anything wrong about two people loving each other. Remember, the sad reality of the times we live in is that it takes a lot of courage for gays to be open about their homosexuality and even more courage to fight for their rights. You can be sure that the gay couples who chose to fight for their right to marry are dead serious about their devotion and love to each other. I don't see how anybody can have anything but admiration for such people. If you can't respect their right to happiness simply because they are gay, then the problem is with you. No one is asking you to attend a gay wedding, associate with gay couples, or even "agree" with gay marriage. That is your right. What you don't have a right to do is bar anyone's pursuit of happiness because you don't like who they are.

            I almost flew over the edge the other day when I stumbled on a group on Facebook supporting California Proposition 8. One woman posted on the wall saying that she was happy the proposition passed because Christians have rights too. Ho-ho-ho, how common it is of the victor to cry victimhood. Is anyone denying Christians the right to practice their religion? Are Christians being asked to agree with gay marriage and attend the ceremonies? No, so please don't play the victim card with me.

            And no, nobody has the right to vote on gay marriage. Normally, I fully encourage the government to act on the will of the people but whether or not two people marry is up to them and them alone. Third parties have no say in such a personal decision. Some call it progress, but I think that just the fact that outsiders have a say on whether or not a homosexual couple has a right to marry like everyone else, is in itself offensive. Civil rights are, after all, a fundamental pillar to a country that prides itself as the ‘land of the free'. If gays are denied the right to marry, then how can anyone be safe from discrimination? This is why it is in the greatest interest of all Americans to eliminate Proposition 8. It contradicts the very concept of the United States.

About the Author

I was born in Dorchester, MA on January 8, 1983 and though I was raised and live in Boston. All my life, writing has been my primary sustainment. Writing, of course, and my love for reading, cinema, and travel.

What criteria should be laid out for control gun purchases in America?

There are a lot of Right wing fundies who support the 2nd amendment, i believe they think it means, "I reserve the right to shoot first & ask questions never"

ANY way, i think the 2nd amendment nuts can have their guns, but it should be on a state by state basis. Guns should be systematically barred from city areas, where unlike rural areas where people hunt & use it fore recreation, it is often used as a weapon for crime

I disagree. It should be uniform across the country. We are one nation after all, and it should be 18, because you are a legal adult at 18 and you should have to proven mentally fit with a 30 day waiting period while a full background check that the one purchasing the gun pays for. All guns licensed and registered of course.

Ignatieff vows to 'restore faith' in political process
Liberal Leader Michael Ignatieff kicked-off a two-month cross-country tour Tuesday to connect with Canadians and "restore faith in the political process."

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