Air Cleaner Velocity

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Air Cleaner Velocity
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Have you ever seen or bought a Hilti nail gun? Its other name is a Ramset nail gun. It is very common among many construction engineers. Their industrial application includes the manufacture of hard substrates' materials that have many joints. Thus, this is a very powerful gun. The Hilti gun uses direct fastening technology, and performs on an easy principle. Once you press the trigger button, a chemical propellant charge counteracts the immediate explosion. As a result, the gun propels the nails outwards and thus forced into a tough surface.

You can find two main types of Hilti guns. One main type is the high velocity nail gun. It drives the nails directly to the fastener, similar to any other firearm. The other option is the low velocity nail gun with a more elaborate operating system. This tool features a chamber with a piston into it. When you press the trigger button, the propellant provokes the piston, which presses the fastener or nail into the substrate. The fastener's speed is not too high on low velocity Hilti guns. It is about four hundred and ninety two feet per second.

Do you know why you should get yourself a Hilti nail gun? You probably do not know a lot about these products. Each type has a few benefits it offers the users. For instance, you can use the low velocity guns for all the small home projects. The high velocity nail guns fit commercial and industrial uses better. If you often have tasks involving driving nails into tough surfaces, the Hilti guns are perfect. Fasteners are not easy to use if a person is working with hardwood furniture. That is why he or she must buy a gun to press even a three point-five nail into thick hardwood.

It minimizes the effort a person has to use because the guns can shoot fasteners directly into the hardwood. Moreover, these guns are capable of firing many nails in a short while. You can use the same guns for any finishing tasks. In this case, you will require pressing in small nails to join moldings on cabinets or to do other woodworks. Find the guns that feature tinier gauges as they can drive in one and a quarter inch nails into the wood. They produce a smooth finish to the task. Use the guns with the brad nails too because you cannot hammer them effectively. You may require the guns for all trimming jobs especially during setting up of the baseboards or softwoods.

Hilti guns are very dependable and reliable in fencing tasks. If you want to do framing as well, it is important to look for a big gauge gun. These can allow you to drive bigger fasteners into the wood. One can trust these nail guns for any other outdoor finishing tasks requiring a single power shot. Those who work with twisted nails, annular nails, galvanized steel nails, and shank nails can fully enjoy using the larger gauge hilti nail gun. You can even use the guns to do strap fastening work.

G. Smitty is a writer who loves to discuss many topics ranging from hitachi nail gun to professional basketball. Thanks for reading!

Design of Local Exhaust Systems for Industrial Air Cleaning

Local exhaust ventilation systems are designed to capture airborne chemicals at the source of generation and remove contaminants from the work area. When a local exhaust system does its job your workers are healthy and productive. It usually consists of:

- hoods for capturing the contaminant

- ducts for transporting the contaminant

- air cleaner for removing contaminants from the air stream

- fan to create airflow in the system

- stack to discharge the air outside the workplace.

To design a Local Exhaust System we must know the:

* physical state of the chemical (Is it a dust, mist, fume, gas or vapor ?),

* chemical's toxicity and applicable exposure limits,

* physical properties of the chemical (Vapor pressure, boiling point, flash point),

* routes of worker exposure -- inhalation, ingestion, skin contact,

* how, where and when the chemical is used,

* how the worker does their job.

HOOD DESIGN

A well-designed hood is the most important component of an effective LEVS. The hood must be positioned so that it does not pull contaminated air through the worker's breathing zone. It should be easy to use and not interfere with the job that the worker is trying to do. It should be positioned as close to the point of contaminant generation as possible. The further it is from the point where the chemical is released into the air, the more airflow is required to capture the contaminant.

AIR VOLUME AND CAPTURE VELOCITY

The air volume (cubic feet per minute) that must be exhausted by LEVS is determined by the type of hood, the distance of the hood from the source of the contaminant and the velocity needed to capture the contaminant (Capture Velocity). Capture velocity for a hood is determined by the properties of the chemical and how it is being used. Examples of capture velocities are shown in Table 1.

MAKE UP AIR

Air will only be exhausted to the extent that air enters the workplace. If you don't provide make up air in the amount at least equal to the amount of air being exhausted, your LEVS will not work properly and the workplace will be very drafty, doors will be difficult to open, and furnaces, heaters or other combustion equipment may back draft.

TRANSPORT VELOCITY AND DUCT SIZE

Once a contaminant is captured by the hood it moves into the duct system. The velocity in the duct must be sufficient to transport the contaminant through the LEVS. The velocity in the duct necessary to carry the contaminant through the system is referred to as the transport velocity. The heavier the contaminant the higher the velocity needed for transport. Some examples of transport velocities for different contaminants are shown in Table 2. Once you know the airflow volume and transport velocity needed for a LEVS, the duct size can be calculated using the formula shown in Table 3.

sTREAMLINE AIR FLOW

Local exhaust systems should always use round ducts, because airflow is more uniform and streamlined, which makes the system more efficient and provides better transport for contaminants. The duct runs should be as straight as possible; curves should be smooth and gradual; and an elbow should have a radius of 2 to 2.5 times the duct diameter. Branch entries into the main duct should be at an angle of 45?; there should be no 90? entries. All changes in size should be smooth and gradual.

STACKS

A stack should discharge contaminated air vertically upward and away from the building. Stacks should be located as far from air intake units as possible to prevent reintroduction of contaminated air into the building. The top of the stack should be 1.3 to 2 times the building height above the ground. Avoid exhausting air out of the sides of buildings. The pressure of prevailing winds blowing into the exhaust can severely affect the performance of the LEVS.

FAN SELECTION

The fan you select for your LEVS should be based on the needs of the system. It should not only deliver the volume of air (in cubic feet per minute) necessary to capture the contaminant but be able to do so against the resistance to airflow in the system. The resistance to airflow is measured in inches of water and is usually referred to as static pressure losses. Static pressure losses in LOCAL EXHAUST SYSTEM are determined by the:

- size of the duct,

- roughness of the duct material,

- number and type of elbows, entries, and changes in size,

- type of air cleaner,

- type of hood,

- volume of air flowing in the system,

- stack design.
 
It should be clear from this list that a fan cannot possibly be selected successfully until the system has been designed.

SYSTEM INSTALLATION

Insist that you get a system installed as designed, with round ducts and smooth streamlined airflow. Since a rough duct increases static pressure losses and requires a larger fan, you should keep the use of a flexible duct, which is very rough, to a minimum. Use a flexible duct only where you need flexibility and use as little of it as possible.

Fans will operate more efficiently if they are installed with a length of straight duct entering and leaving the fan. A rule of thumb is to provide a straight run of duct at least six duct diameters long on the entrance side of the fan and at least two duct diameters long on the exit side. After installing the system, measure to ensure that the LEVS delivers the airflow volume and velocity that is needed to do the job.

For additional information please refer to http://nis-co.com/dustcollector/Index.html.

Oleg Tchetchel
Process Engineer
Canadian Air Systems
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About the Author

Oleg Tchetchel
Designer of Air Moving Systems
Canadian Air Systems
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What do you think of high velocity air systems?

I met with a professional today to look at our 1928 plaster wall 3 story, hw boiler, partial attic, stucco exterior house. He came up with a solution using high velocity air which requires only about 3" flexible duct in the majority of the house and a dehumidifyer in 1/2 of bsmt which we couldn't figure out how to get the ductwork to from the proposed attic air handler hence the seperate systen in that 1/2 of the basement. The basement floor is slabe on grade concrete and the ceiling is spancrete Our main goals is to "clean" the air, my wife and I have allergies and there is a mildew smell in the basement. I asked him to price in a UV filter as well to kill dust mites, mold and mildew.

"High velocity air" is the system I was referring to in my answer on your previous question I first saw it on an episode of "This Old House", where they were remodeling an old home in the New England area, and the show's expert was quite impressed with the system.

Ive never seen one of these systems in action myself, but it sounds like your professional knows what he is about, and I think you will be happy with the system.

Have Fun!

Ford Class-Exclusive V10 Gas Engine, TorqShift Transmission Will Power Medium-Duty Chassis Cabs
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